PORT-CITY CLOSENESS AND TURNAROUND TIME CRITICAL
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- Category: Seguridad marítima
- Published on Tuesday, 14 October 2014 12:50
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http://www.ijtte.com/uploads/2011-09-23/4f6580da-ebf3-83e7w5.pdf
Abstract: Air pollution is the most relevant externality of maritime transport and its effects are more acute in urban areas. As Short Sea Shipping (SSS) services call ports frequently and expend significant time in port, both the overall turnaround time and the port city closeness, become critical in their sustainable performance. This paper analyses the impact of maritime transport
on Spanish SSS ports and identifies the ideal ones, reflecting the differences in their sustainable performance and finally identifying the characteristics that a harbour needs to gather in order to minimize air pollution impact in the maritime transport sector.
MARPOL Annex VI seeks a progressive reduction in SOx emissions limiting the sulphur content in marine fuel oils. The actual sulphur cap of 4.5 % shall be reduced to 3.5 %, by January 2012 and furthermore down to 0.5 % by January 2020 (International Maritime Organization, 2008b). Since July 2010 the sulphur limit in the ECA-s is of 1 % and will be further reduce to a 0.1 % by January 2015 (International Maritime Organization, 2008b). Progressively restrictive policies regarding NOx emissions are also being enforced by Annex VI, for instance Tier III applicable for new constructions after January 2016 (International Maritime Organization, 2008b).