Fire Protection, fire detection and fire extinction
- Details
- Category: Seguridad marítima
- Published on Thursday, 15 January 2015 00:47
- Written by Administrator2
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Fire can be devastating on a ship - particularly on a passenger ship, where large numbers of people may need to be evacuated, or on a ship carrying inflammable cargo, with serious risks to crewmembers or to ports and harbours.
On 1 July 2002, a comprehensive new set of requirements for fire protection, fire detection and fire extinction on board ships entered into force as a new revised Chapter II-2 of the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS), 1974, as amended, incorporating technological advances in fire detection and extinction as well as lessons learned from fire incidents over the years.
The regulations are designed to ensure that fires are first of all prevented from occurring - for example by making sure that materials such as carpets and wall coverings are strictly controlled to reduce the fire risk; secondly, that any fires are rapidly detected; and thirdly; that any fire is contained and extinguished. Designing ships to ensure easy evacuation routes for crew and passengers are a key element of the chapter.
Publications
The following publications are available from IMO:
SOLAS Amendments 2000 - includes the revised chapter II-2 , making the International Code for Fire Safety Systems (FSS Code), adopted by the MSC by resolution MSC.98(73), mandatory under SOLAS
Fire Safety Systems (FSS) Code, 2001
Fire Test Procedures (FTP Code) (1998 Edition)
Model Course: 1.20 - Fire Prevention. & Fire Fighting
Model Course: 2.03 - Advanced Fire Fighting
Model Course: 3.05 - Survey of Fire Appliances
Symbols for Fire Control Plans
LATEST IMO DEVELOPMENTS ON FIRE PROTECTION
http://www.imo.org/blast/blastDataHelper.asp?data_id=20994
Summary of SOLAS Chapter II-2
CONSTRUCTION – FIRE PROTECTION, FIRE DETECTION AND FIRE EXTINCTION
Entry into force: 1 July 2002
PART A - GENERAL
Regulation 1 - Application - The chapter applies to ships built on or after 1 July 2002. Ships constructed before that date should comply with the chapter in force prior to 1 July 2002, however there are some requirements for existing ships in the revised chapter.
Regulation 2 - Fire safety objectives and functional requirements – Provides the fire safety objectives and functional requirements for the chapter.
Regulation 3 - Definitions - Gives definitions of terms used in the chapter.
PART B - PREVENTION OF FIRE AND EXPLOSION
Regulation 4 - Probability of ignition - The purpose of this regulation is to prevent the ignition of combustible materials or flammable liquids.
Regulation 5 - Fire growth potential - The purpose of this regulation is to limit the fire growth potential in every space of the ship.
Regulation 6 - Smoke generation potential and toxicity - The purpose of this regulation is to reduce the hazard to life from smoke and toxic products generated during a fire in spaces where persons normally work or live.
PART C- SUPPRESSION OF FIRE
Regulation 7 - Detection and alarm - The purpose of this regulation is to detect a fire in the space of origin and to provide for alarm for safe escape and fire-fighting activities.
Regulation 8 - Control of smoke spread - The purpose of this regulation is to control the spread of smoke in order to minimize the hazards from smoke.
Regulation 9 - Containment of fire - The purpose of this regulation is to contain a fire in the space of origin.
Regulation 10 - Fire fighting - The purpose of this regulation is to suppress and swiftly extinguish a fire in the space of origin.
Regulation 11 - Structural integrity - The purpose of this regulation is to maintain structural integrity of the ship preventing partial or whole collapse of the ship structures due to strength deterioration by heat.
PART D - ESCAPE
Regulation 12 - Notification of crew and passengers - The purpose of this regulation is to notify crew and passengers of a fire for safe evacuation.
Regulation 13 - Means of escape -The purpose of this regulation is to provide means of escape so that persons onboard can safely and swiftly escape to the lifeboat and liferaft embarkation deck.
PART E - OPERATIONAL REQUIREMENTS
Regulation 14 - Operational readiness and maintenance - The purpose of this regulation is to maintain and monitor the effectiveness of the fire safety measures the ship is provided with.
Regulation 15 - Instructions, onboard training and drills -The purpose of this regulation is to mitigate the consequences of fire by means of proper instructions for training and drills for persons onboard responsible for carrying out ship procedures under emergency conditions.
Regulation 16 – Operations -The purpose of this regulation is to provide information and instructions for proper ship and cargo handling operations in relation to fire safety.
PART F - ALTERNATIVE DESIGN AND ARRANGEMENTS
Regulation 17 - Alternative design and arrangements - The purpose of this regulation is to provide a methodology for approving alternative design and arrangements for fire safety.
PART G - SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS
Regulation 18 - Helicopter facilities - The purpose of this regulation is to provide additional measures in order to address the fire safety objectives of this chapter for ships fitted with special facilities for helicopters.
Regulation 19 - Carriage of dangerous goods - The purpose of this regulation is to provide additional safety measures in order to address the fire safety objectives of this chapter for ships carrying dangerous goods.
Regulation 20 - Protection of vehicle, special category and ro-ro spaces - The purpose of this regulation is to provide additional safety measures in order to address the fire safety objectives of this chapter for ships fitted with vehicle, special category and ro-ro spaces.
THE INTERNATIONAL FIRE SAFETY SYSTEMS (FSS) CODE
Contents
Preamble
Chapter 1 General
Chapter 2 International shore connections
Chapter 3 Personnel protection
Chapter 4 Fire extinguishers
Chapter 5 Fixed gas fire-extinguishing systems
Chapter 6 Fixed foam fire-extinguishing systems
Chapter 7 Fixed pressure water-spraying and water-mist fire-extinguishing systems
Chapter 8 Automatic sprinkler, fire detection and fire alarm systems
Chapter 9 Fixed fire detection and fire alarm systems
Chapter 10 Sample extraction smoke detection systems
Chapter 11 Low-location lighting systems
Chapter 12 Fixed emergency fire pumps
Chapter 13 Arrangement of means of escape
Chapter 14 Fixed deck foam systems
Chapter 15 Inert gas systems
Fire test laboratories
IMO issues annually a circular contining a list of a list of laboratories recognized by Administrations, which are able to conduct fire tests in accordance with the provisions of the International Code for Application of Fire Test Procedures (FTP Code) .
Halon banking and reception facilities
IMO annually issues a circular containing a list of halon banking and reception facilities, to facilitate the deposit of decommissioned halons or the purchase of recycled halons.
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Summary of SOLAS Chapter II-2
CONSTRUCTION – FIRE PROTECTION, FIRE DETECTION AND FIRE EXTINCTIONEntry into force: 1 July 2002 PART A - GENERAL Regulation 1 - Application - The chapter applies to ships built on or after 1 July 2002. Ships constructed before that date should comply with the chapter in force prior to 1 July 2002, however there are some requirements for existing ships in the revised chapter. Regulation 2 - Fire safety objectives and functional requirements – Provides the fire safety objectives and functional requirements for the chapter. Regulation 3 - Definitions - Gives definitions of terms used in the chapter. PART B - PREVENTION OF FIRE AND EXPLOSION Regulation 4 - Probability of ignition - The purpose of this regulation is to prevent the ignition of combustible materials or flammable liquids. Regulation 5 - Fire growth potential - The purpose of this regulation is to limit the fire growth potential in every space of the ship. Regulation 6 - Smoke generation potential and toxicity - The purpose of this regulation is to reduce the hazard to life from smoke and toxic products generated during a fire in spaces where persons normally work or live. PART C- SUPPRESSION OF FIRE Regulation 7 - Detection and alarm - The purpose of this regulation is to detect a fire in the space of origin and to provide for alarm for safe escape and fire-fighting activities. Regulation 8 - Control of smoke spread - The purpose of this regulation is to control the spread of smoke in order to minimize the hazards from smoke. Regulation 9 - Containment of fire - The purpose of this regulation is to contain a fire in the space of origin. Regulation 10 - Fire fighting - The purpose of this regulation is to suppress and swiftly extinguish a fire in the space of origin. Regulation 11 - Structural integrity - The purpose of this regulation is to maintain structural integrity of the ship preventing partial or whole collapse of the ship structures due to strength deterioration by heat. PART D - ESCAPE Regulation 12 - Notification of crew and passengers - The purpose of this regulation is to notify crew and passengers of a fire for safe evacuation. Regulation 13 - Means of escape -The purpose of this regulation is to provide means of escape so that persons onboard can safely and swiftly escape to the lifeboat and liferaft embarkation deck. PART E - OPERATIONAL REQUIREMENTS Regulation 14 - Operational readiness and maintenance - The purpose of this regulation is to maintain and monitor the effectiveness of the fire safety measures the ship is provided with. Regulation 15 - Instructions, onboard training and drills -The purpose of this regulation is to mitigate the consequences of fire by means of proper instructions for training and drills for persons onboard responsible for carrying out ship procedures under emergency conditions. Regulation 16 – Operations -The purpose of this regulation is to provide information and instructions for proper ship and cargo handling operations in relation to fire safety. PART F - ALTERNATIVE DESIGN AND ARRANGEMENTS Regulation 17 - Alternative design and arrangements - The purpose of this regulation is to provide a methodology for approving alternative design and arrangements for fire safety. PART G - SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS Regulation 18 - Helicopter facilities - The purpose of this regulation is to provide additional measures in order to address the fire safety objectives of this chapter for ships fitted with special facilities for helicopters. Regulation 19 - Carriage of dangerous goods - The purpose of this regulation is to provide additional safety measures in order to address the fire safety objectives of this chapter for ships carrying dangerous goods. Regulation 20 - Protection of vehicle, special category and ro-ro spaces - The purpose of this regulation is to provide additional safety measures in order to address the fire safety objectives of this chapter for ships fitted with vehicle, special category and ro-ro spaces. THE INTERNATIONAL FIRE SAFETY SYSTEMS (FSS) CODE Contents Preamble Chapter 1 General Chapter 2 International shore connections Chapter 3 Personnel protection Chapter 4 Fire extinguishers Chapter 5 Fixed gas fire-extinguishing systems Chapter 6 Fixed foam fire-extinguishing systems Chapter 7 Fixed pressure water-spraying and water-mist fire-extinguishing systems Chapter 8 Automatic sprinkler, fire detection and fire alarm systems Chapter 9 Fixed fire detection and fire alarm systems Chapter 10 Sample extraction smoke detection systems Chapter 11 Low-location lighting systems Chapter 12 Fixed emergency fire pumps Chapter 13 Arrangement of means of escape Chapter 14 Fixed deck foam systems Chapter 15 Inert gas systems Fire test laboratories Halon banking and reception facilities IMO annually issues a circular containing a list of halon banking and reception facilities, to facilitate the deposit of decommissioned halons or the purchase of recycled halons.
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International Structural Fire Protection Materials
http://www.uscg.mil/hq/cg5/cg5214/international_sfp.asp